Thursday, 6 March 2014

The Physiological Basis For Homosexuality.



Back when homosexual behaviour was first recorded amongst humans back in the times of the ancient Greeks and the ancient Romans it was considered perfectly normal and even something to be encouraged. Then we experienced the rise of the Abrahamic religions of Judaism, Christianity and finally Islam. One of the early followers of these religions wrote in a letter that homosexuality was wrong so through religious dogma it was decided that homosexuality was a sin.



Over the course of the next thousand years or so religious leaders persecuted homosexuals as a result. However eventually some of these religious leaders noticed that no matter how much they terrified their flocks with tales of the fire and brimstone that would await these sodomites and despite all the beatings and killings they ordered as punishment a small minority still insisted in engaging in homosexual behaviour - almost as if it was something they had no control over. Initially this was put down to demonic possession but as the field of modern psychology began to emerge in the 18th Century people began to argue that homosexuality was a mental disorder.



That school of thought continued to dominate up until the discovery of DNA in the 1950's. Not agreeing that they were either sinful or insane homosexuals grabbed hold of the discovery of DNA as a sort of magic bullet that would justify their lifestyles as genetically pre-determined. This argument actually gained quite a lot of traction playing a significant role in the American Psychological Association's decision in the 1970's to no longer classify homosexuality as a mental disorder. The problem is that ever since the 1950's a lot of people have been doing a lot of research to try and find this so-called "Gay gene" either to prove the theory once and for all or to simply eradicate homosexuality entirely. More then 50 years later no-one has discovered this gay gene or any evidence that such a gene even exists.



However the absence of a gay gene most certainly does not prove that homosexuality is a choice or something that can be cured. That is because DNA is far from the be all and end all of human physiological development. An equally important and some would say more important factor in physiological development is the endocrine system.



As anyone who has studied high school biology knows the endocrine system works through six types of glands emitting three types (polypeptide, aromatic organic and steroid) of hormones that travel in the blood stream to modify or control the function of all the tissues (organs, bones etc) in the human body. So for example Adiuretin (ADH) regulates the re-absorption of water in the kidneys controlling the amount of toxins in the blood stream and urine in the bladder. Similarly Thyroxin controls the metabolic rate (oxygen absorption, heat generation) and growth of generally all tissues throughout the body. During pregnancy these hormones can pass through the placenta from mother to baby and the placenta even becomes an endocrine gland of its own secreting hormones that stimulate the development of the foetus.



If I had to distill all this down into an easy to follow metaphor I would say that if DNA are the blueprints of life and proteins are the building blocks then the endocrine system is the site foreman in charge of putting it all together. As anyone who has toured the athletes village at the Sochi Olympics knows if the site foreman is having a bad day weird stuff starts happening and you end up with fuse boxes in showers and radiators at ceiling height.



The same thing is true in the human body so if foetus/child doesn't get enough Human Growth Hormone (HGH) they will be a dwarf regardless of whether everyone else in their genetic line is over six foot tall. Similarly if in the 6th week of pregnancy the right combination of hormones are not sent out to tell the arm buds to grow you will get a child born without arms. This hormonal pre-determination of physiological development is also true of the development of the structure of the brain. As such if the right chemical messengers are not in place when the part(s) of the brain that control human sexuality are being developed the child will be born as a homosexual and there is no more they can do to change that then a deaf person can suddenly choose to hear. Of course as with all organic processes physiological development contains a range of variation rather then simple right or wrong answers so it is possible to have varying degrees of homosexuality in the same way that it is possible to have differing degrees of congenital deafness.



At this point I feel the need to stress that within this extremely narrow and reductive discussion I am only considering homosexuality to be a birth defect because someone who is sexually attracted to people of the same gender is unlikely to reproduce without assistance. Reproduction is the be all and end all of the biological process of reproduction. However it is most certainly not the be all and end all of the human experience.



Due to the complexity of human sexuality, the endocrine system and the architecture of the brain it is almost impossible to predict the set of circumstances that will cause one child to be born straight and another child to be born gay. To complicate matters further - as every Olympian and certainly doping control knows - there are a huge variety of environmental compounds that can  mimic or block the effects of hormones inside the human body. For example I think the starch in white potatoes mimics the effects of oestrogen but don't quote me on that. As a result the trigger for homosexuality could be something as random and unpredictable as a woman eating three potatoes rather then two on the 63rd day of her pregnancy when there was a slight north-easterly breeze and her neighbours were arguing kicking her adrenal glands into action for 32 seconds at a quarter past seven in the evening.



That said there are a number of man made compounds such as the pesticide DDT, the herbicide Agent Orange and the drug Thalidomide that effect in utero development by interfering with the endocrine system in very well understood ways. Also we are constantly learning more about the way that environmental pollutants such as degrading plastics interfere with the endocrine system and human development. One of the main driving forces behind increased environmental pollution is an increasing population. Homosexuality of course limits reproduction reducing birth rates and therefore population growth. So in a strange way homosexuality may actually be God's plan.


19:45 on 6/3/14 (UK date).

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